Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2020 Population

96,222

2.35% 1-year decline

US Senator

Dianne Feinstein

Democratic Party

US Senator

Alex Padilla

Democratic Party

2020 Median Age

33.9

0.296% 1-year increase

2020 Poverty Rate

20%

7.91% 1-year decrease

2020 Median Household Income

$54,486

4.33% 1-year growth

2020 Median Property Value

$495,900

3.64% 1-year growth

2020 Employed Population

46,299

0.303% 1-year growth

About

In 2020, Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA had a population of 96.2k people with a median age of 33.9 and a median household income of $54,486. Between 2019 and 2020 the population of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA declined from 98,540 to 96,222, a −2.35% decrease and its median household income grew from $52,226 to $54,486, a 4.33% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA are White (Hispanic) (28%), White (Non-Hispanic) (22.8%), Other (Hispanic) (16.3%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (13.5%), and Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (12.3%).

49.9% of the households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

85.2% of the residents in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Los Angeles County (Southeast)--Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA are American University of Health Sciences (55 degrees awarded in 2020).

In 2020, the median property value in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was $495,900, and the homeownership rate was 22.7%.

Most people in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 32.1 minutes. The average car ownership in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was 2 cars per household.

Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA borders Long Beach City (North) PUMA, CA, Long Beach City (East) PUMA, CA, Long Beach City (Southwest & Port) PUMA, CA, and Palos Verdes Peninsula PUMA, CA.

Population & Diversity

Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA is home to a population of 96.2k people, from which 85.2% are citizens. As of 2020, 27.5% of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA residents were born outside of the country (26.5k people).

In 2020, there were 1.23 times more White (Hispanic) residents (26.9k people) in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 21.9k White (Non-Hispanic) and 15.6k Other (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA are Spanish (34,061 households), Khmer (5,501 households), and Tagalog (Incl. Filipino) (1,133 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

48,313

Women

50.2%

47,867

Men

49.8%

The resident population of United States in 2020 was 96,180 inhabitants, with 49.8% men, and 50.2% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

85.2%

2020 Citizenship

85.8%

2019 Citizenship

As of 2020, 85.2% of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.4%. In 2019, the percentage of US citizens in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was 85.8%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA

White (Hispanic)
26.9k ± 1.99k
White (Non-Hispanic)
21.9k ± 1.29k
Other (Hispanic)
15.6k ± 1.75k

48.2%

Hispanic Population

46.3k people

48.2% of the people in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA are hispanic (46.3k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
12,114 ± 2,526 people
Cambodia
4,145 ± 1,546 people
Philippines
1,492 ± 941 people

In 2020, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was Mexico, the natal country of 12,114 Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA residents, followed by Cambodia with 4,145 and Philippines with 1,492.

Foreign-Born Population

27.5%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

26.5k people

28.2%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

27.8k people

As of 2020, 27.5% of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA residents (26.5k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.5%. In 2019, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was 28.2%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
34,061 households (37.7%)
Khmer
5,501 households (6.09%)
Tagalog (Incl. Filipino)
1,133 households (1.25%)

49.9% of the households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is higher than the national average of 21.5%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2020, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was Spanish. 37.7% of the households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Gulf War (2001-)
957 ± 250
Vietnam
794 ± 247
Gulf War (1990s)
545 ± 232

Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA has a large population of military personnel who served in Gulf War (2001-), 1.21 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA employs 46.3k people. The largest industries in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA are Restaurants & Food Services (4,797 people), Elementary & secondary schools (2,160 people), and Construction (2,076 people), and the highest paying industries are Motion pictures & video industries ($135,089), Broadcasting (except internet) ($119,629), and Petroleum refining ($103,760).

Males in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA have an average income that is 1.04 times higher than the average income of females, which is $51,906. The income inequality in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA (measured using the Gini index) is 0.418, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

21,858

Women

47.2%

24,441

Men

52.8%

The workforce of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA in 2020 was 46,299 people, with 47.2% woman, and 52.8% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

46.3k

2020 Value

0.303%

1 Year growth

± 0.303%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA grew at a rate of 0.303%, from 46.2k employees to 46.3k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA, are Cooks (1,405 people), Personal care aides (1,353 people), and Retail salespersons (1,178 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in California (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

46.3k

2020 Value

0.303%

1 Year growth

± 0.303%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA grew at a rate of 0.303%, from 46.2k employees to 46.3k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA, are Restaurants & Food Services (4,797 people), Elementary & secondary schools (2,160 people), and Construction (2,076 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA, though some of these residents may live in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$37,183

Median earning men ± $1,998

$31,460

Median earning women ± $1,215

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2020 are Public Administration ($81,290), Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($74,219), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($54,224).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2020 are Construction ($55,284), Public Administration ($52,641), and Information ($52,000).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in California. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in California.

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Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from California to other states, or from other states to California.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound California product (by dollars) was Electronics with $407B, followed by Pharmaceuticals ($158B) and Mixed freight ($149B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound California products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for California.

$2.26T

2020 Value in California

$4.61T

Projected 2050 Value in California

104% growth

In 2020, total outbound California trade was $2.26T. This is expected to increase 104% to $4.61T by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound California trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from California to other states, or from other states to California.

Most Common Trade Partners

Texas
$83.5B
Arizona
$44.4B
Ohio
$43.3B

In 2020, the top outbound California domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Texas with $83.5B, followed by Arizona with $44.4B and Ohio and $43.3B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that California shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla are the senators currently representing the state of California. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

California is currently represented by 53 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Senators Elections

US Senators from California

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

Dianne Feinstein

Senator from California

Assumed office on November 10, 1992
Elected to the seat to succeed John Seymour (California politician)|John Seymour, who had been appointed to the seat after Pete Wilson was elected Governor of California.

Alex Padilla

Senator from California

Assumed office on January 20, 2021
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Kamala Harris, who had become Vice President of the United States.

Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla are the senators currently representing California.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in California over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives Elections

US Representatives from California

California is currently represented by 53 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for California have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA awarded 55 degrees. The student population of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA in 2020 is skewed towards women, with 116 male students and 292 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA are Asian (36 and 65.5%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (9 and 16.4%), Black or African American (5 and 9.09%), and Two or More Races (3 and 5.45%).

The largest universities in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA by number of degrees awarded are American University of Health Sciences (55 and 100%).

The most popular majors in Los Angeles County (Southeast)--Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA are Registered Nursing (55 and 100%), Clinical Research Coordinator (0 and 0%), and Pharmacy Technician (0 and 0%).

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

Measure

In 2017 in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA, the percentage of applicants admitted was 100%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 100%. The number of students enrolled in 2020 was 408 (28.4% men and 71.6% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

In 2020 there were 408 students enrolled in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA, 28.4% men and 71.6% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in Asian with 195 records, of which 71.3% were women and 28.7% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Registered Nursing

Most Common

55 degree-majors awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Los Angeles County (Southeast)--Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was Pharmaceutical Sciences with 0 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Los Angeles County (Southeast)--Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

American University of Health Sciences

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

55 degrees awarded

In 2020, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was American University of Health Sciences with 55 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

In 2020, 15 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA, which is 0.375 times less than the 40 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was Asian students. These 36 degrees mean that there were 4 times more degrees awarded to Asian students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 9 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Private for-profit, 4-year or above ($21,420) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2020.

Private for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,909) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2020.

Private for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,500) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2020, 8.14% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 8.83% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA in 2020 were Some college (19.1k), High School or Equivalent (14.5k), and Bachelors Degree (14.3k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was $495,900 in 2020, which is 2.16 times larger than the national average of $229,800. Between 2019 and 2020 the median property value increased from $478,500 to $495,900, a 3.64% increase. The homeownership rate in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA is 22.7%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.4%.

People in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA have an average commute time of 32.1 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA is $54,486. In 2020, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was Cupertino, Saratoga Cities & Los Gatos Town PUMA, CA with a value of $184,672, followed by San Ramon City & Danville Town PUMA, CA and Mountain View, Palo Alto & Los Altos Cities PUMA, CA, with respective values of $170,304 and $164,769.

Housing

Property

$495,900

Median Property Value 2020

±$20,621

$8,395

Median Property Taxes

±$628

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

22.7%

Homeownership

2020

71%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2020

In 2020, 22.7% of the housing units in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 23.2%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2020, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was Cupertino, Saratoga Cities & Los Gatos Town PUMA, CA with a value of $184,672, followed by San Ramon City & Danville Town PUMA, CA and Mountain View, Palo Alto & Los Altos Cities PUMA, CA, with respective values of $170,304 and $164,769.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$54,486

Median Household Income

± $1,816

37k

Number of Households

± 1,441

In 2020, the median household income of the 37k households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA grew to $54,486 from the previous year's value of $52,226.

The following chart displays the households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.418

2020 Wage GINI in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA

0.422

2019 Wage GINI in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA

In 2020, the income inequality in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was 0.418 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 1.03% decline from 2019 to 2020, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2020

Drove Alone (71%)
Carpooled (8.93%)
Worked At Home (7.84%)

In 2020, 71% of workers in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (8.93%) and those who worked at home (7.84%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

32.1 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA have a longer commute time (32.1 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.9 minutes). Additionally, 4.05% of the workforce in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

20% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA (19.1k out of 95.3k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.8%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Males 6 - 11.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA is Hispanic, followed by White and Other.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

89.2% of the population of Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA has health coverage, with 40.6% on employee plans, 32.9% on Medicaid, 5.45% on Medicare, 9.28% on non-group plans, and 0.945% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in California was $7,549 in 2014. This is a 4.04% increase from the previous year ($7,256).

Primary care physicians in California see 1254 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.555% decrease from the previous year (1261 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1149 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 268 patients per year.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for California. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in California, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

1,254 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in California

Primary care physicians in California see an average of 1,254 patients per year. This represents a 0.555% decrease from the previous year (1,261 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in California in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of California across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Coverage

Health Care Diversity

In 2020, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 22.3% under 18 years, 30.1% between 18 and 34 years, 38.8% between 35 and 64 years, and 8.8% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 49% were men and 51% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

10.8%

Uninsured

40.6%

Employer Coverage

32.9%

Medicaid

5.45%

Medicare

9.28%

Non-Group

0.945%

Military or VA

Between 2019 and 2020, the percent of uninsured citizens in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA grew by 6.07% from 10.2% to 10.8%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Long Beach (Central) & Signal Hill Cities PUMA, CA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.